深圳将在部分楼宇和小区强制推行“中水”应用 新华社广州12月26日电作为建设“节水型”城市的重大举措,深圳将在一些较大规模的楼宇和小区强制推行“中水”应用,目前相关中水设计规范和规定正在制定中。 “中水”主要是指城市污水或生活污水经处理后达到一定的水质标准,可在一定范围内重复使用的非饮用水。 其水质介于自来水与排入管道内污水之间。 一般在厕所冲洗、园林和农田灌溉、道路保洁、洗车、城市喷泉、冷却设备补充用水等方面大量使用。 深圳市水务局的一项调查表明,深圳市在20世纪90年代中期,曾有70多栋楼宇建有“中水”回收设施系统,但因技术、设计、管理等因素影响,“中水”回收利用成本过高,建设单位只好放弃使用。 要让这些管道真正发挥作用,只需再投入30万至40万元安装“中水”处理系统。 如果把目前已有的70多套“中水”管道利用起来,按每个小区每天使用500吨“中水”计算,一天就能为深圳节省3.5万吨自来水。 据介绍,深圳市“中水”回收工作将先从原先的70多栋有“中水”回收系统的楼宇改造开始,总结经验之后再进一步推广。 同时,深圳水务部门将与城市规划、建设等部门联合尽快制定出“中水”设计规范,并规定在一些较大规模的楼宇强制推行“中水”应用。 经过处理后的“中水”将率先在城市绿化浇灌中使用。 -- Shenzhen to Enforce the Use of "Reclaimed Water" in Some Office Buildings and Residential Quarters Xinhua News Agency report of December 26th from Guangzhou - As a major step in building a "water-saving" city, Shenzhen will enforce the use of "reclaimed water" in some large buildings and residential quarters. At present, relevant design specifications and regulations for the "Reclaimed water" are being drafted. "Reclaimed water" refers to municipal and living wastewater which, after being treated, can reach a certain water standard whereby it can be reused to some extent as undrinkable water. Its quality is between that of tap water and drainage water. "Reclaimed water" is generally and extensively used for flushing toilets, gardening and farm irrigation, cleaning roads, car washes, city fountains and supply water for cooling equipment. An survey by the Shenzhen Water Board shows that more than 70 buildings had "reclaimed water" collection systems in Shenzhen in the mid-1990s. However, due to technology, design and management problems, all the systems were left unused as a result of the excessively high cost of utilizing "reclaimed water". Only an additional investment of some 300,000 to 400,000 Yuan is needed to install "reclaimed water" processing systems in order to bring these pipelines back to work. It is estimated that if all the existing 70 "reclaimed water" systems were put into operation, 35,000 tons of tap water would be saved in Shenzhen each day, based on an average 500 tons of "reclaimed water" to be consumed daily by each residential quarter. Sources say Shenzhen's "reclaimed water" collection work will begin with the renovation of the more than 70 buildings with the original "reclaimed water" systems. It will be further popularized based on the experience from the test-run. Meanwhile, Shenzhen's water resources authorities will join hands with the urban planning and municipal departments to map out "reclaimed water" design specifications and enforce the use of "reclaimed water" in some large buildings. The treated "reclaimed water" will first be used in city greenbelt irrigation. -- Shenzhen to Mandate Use of "Reclaimed Water" in Some Complexes and Residential Subdistricts Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, December 26 In a major effort toward building a "water-saving" city, Shenzhen will mandate the use of "reclaimed water" in some comparatively large complexes and residential subdistricts. Relevant guidelines and regulations on water reclamation design are currently being formulated. "Reclaimed water" mainly refers to non-drinking water derived from treated urban waste water and domestic sewage, meeting certain water quality standards and reusable within a certain range. Its quality is between that of running water and sewage. In general it is used in large volume for flushing toilets, irrigating gardens and farmland, cleaning roads, washing cars, providing water for city fountains, and as supplementary water for cooling equipment. According to an investigation by the Shenzhen Municipal Water Administration, more than 70 complexes in Shenzhen were equipped with "reclaimed water" recycling systems during the mid-1990s, but the construction firms had to abandon their use due to the high costs of recycling and utilizing "reclaimed water" associated with the technology, design, and management. To put these pipelines into actual use, it needs only an additional investment of 300,000 yuan to 400,000 yuan to install a "reclaimed water" treatment system. Based on daily usage of 500 tons of "reclaimed water" by each residential subdistrict, Shenzhen could save 35,000 tons of running water per day using the 70-plus existing sets of "reclaimed water" pipelines. Sources said that Shenzhen's "reclaimed water" recycling project will start with the renovation of the 70-plus complexes that were originally equipped with "reclaimed water" recycling systems. Further promotion will be based on assessment of feedbacks. In the meantime, the Shenzhen Municipal Water Administration will work with city planning and construction departments to develop guidelines as soon as possible for water reclamation design and to mandate the use of "reclaimed water" in some comparatively large complexes. The treated "reclaimed water" will be first used to irrigate urban greenery. -- Shenzhen Enforces "Middle-Water" Usage in Buildings and Small Districts Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, December 26 - Shenzhen will enforce "middle- water" usage in some larger-scale buildings and small districts as a major measure in establishing "water-saving style" cities. At present, relevant specifications and regulations for the middle-water plan are being drawn up. Middle-water mainly refers to non-drinking water from treated city and daily wastewater that has reached a certain water quality, and can be reused in certain areas. Its water quality is between tap water and wastewater that goes down the drainage. In general, it is widely used for flushing toilets, watering gardens and farmlands, cleaning roads, washing cars, and supplementing the water in city fountains and cooling facilities. A study by Shenzhen Water Works showed that in the mid 1990s of the 20th century, more than 70 buildings in Shenzhen were equipped with the "middle-water"-recycling system. However, the cost of recycling for "middle-water" was too high due to technological, design, and management factors, thus forcing the construction unit to stop using it. Only RMB 300,000 to 400,000 yuan of extra investment will be needed to install the "middle-water"-treatment system in order for these pipelines to perform their functions properly. If the more than 70 existing sets of "middle-water" pipelines are being used, according to the present daily usage of 500 tons of "middle-water" in small districts, it will save 35,000 tons of tap water for Shenzhen per day. According to information, the Shenzhen "middle-water"-recycling project will start with the remodeling of the more than 70 existing buildings that have the "middle-water"-recycling system. After summarizing the experience, the project will be further expanded. Meanwhile, Shenzhen Water Works will draw up specifications for the "middle-water"-plan with urban planning and development departments as soon as possible and will enforce "middle-water" usage in some larger-scale buildings. The treated "middle-water" will first be used in watering the trees in and around the city. -- Shenzhen Will Enforce the Use of "Reclaimed Water" in Some Buildings and Neighborhoods GUANGZHOU, December 26 (Xinhua) As a major effort to build a "water-saving city," Shenzhen will enforce the use of "reclaimed water" in some larger buildings and neighborhoods. At present, relevant codes and regulations for the design of reclaimed water facilities are being formulated. "Reclaimed water" mainly refers to nonpotable water that is for limited use and obtained from treating urban sewage or domestic sewage to a certain a level of water quality. The quality of the water is somewhere between tap water and drained sewage. A large quantity is usually used in toilet flushing, garden and farmland irrigation, road cleaning, car washing, urban fountains, and water refilling for cooling equipment. An inquiry conducted by the Shenzhen Water Bureau shows Shenzhen once had more than 70 buildings equipped with a "reclaimed water" recycling system in the middle 1990s, but the builders had to give up the utilization as the cost of "reclaimed water" recycling was too high due to factors such as technology, design and management. To have these pipelines play a real role, what needs to be done is to simply invest an additional 300,000 to 400,000 yuan in installing a "reclaimed water" treatment system. If utilized, the over 70 existing "reclaimed water" pipelines can save 35,000 tons of tap water for Shenzhen in one single day, based on each neighborhood using 500 tons of "reclaimed water" per day. It was said that Shenzhen will start its "reclaimed water" recycling by renovating the over 70 buildings that have existing "reclaimed water" systems, and will further expand the project after summing up experience. In the meantime, the Shenzhen municipal water department will work with the urban planning and construction departments to formulate as soon as possible codes for the design of reclaimed water, and prescribe the enforcement of "reclaimed water" use in larger buildings. The treated "reclaimed water" will be first used in urban green area irrigation.