Chinese <-> English Name Entity Lists
		   (v1.0)
		 Shudong Huang
	     Linguistic Data Consortium
		  December, 2002

This is a release of the Chinese-English bi-directional name entity lists,
compiled from Xinhua's database. In this release, not every irregularity 
in the original source has been detected and normalized. Some Chinese
characters are not encoded in the source and brackets are used to describe
their composition. Except for the person name lists, we kept most such
cases untouched in the created lists. We made an effort to replace
GB-encoded characters (such as Roman numbers) in the English translation
with ASCII characters, but no effort has been made to do the opposite for
Chinese names. Another thing is use of slashes as delimiters. Some names
may have internal slashes. Initially, We used "" to enclose the name with
an internal slash to avoid confusion without realizing that these is just
one " in ASCII (as oppose a set of enclosing " in GB), but later we decided
to use &slash;. We'll need to change some earlier lists for
consistency. Finally, most of the English names in the source use lower
cases throughout. We made an effor to capitalize the initial letter (and
possible some middle ones) for person names, but not on any other kind of
names as most other names have multiple words some of which may contain
articles and prepositions.

Note also that the word "English" is somewhat misleading here. Although
most of foreign words are English or can appear in English texts, there are
also many non-English words written in Roman alphabet - some of which may
have English equivalents while others do not. No efforts have been made to
eliminate those non-English names where English equivlants are available.

The entire set consists of 9 pairs of lists. The English->Chinese version
of each pair was created by reversing the Chinese->English, both sorted by
the Unix built-in sort function.

Person Names
============

ldc_propernames_people_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 486,212
Examples:
阿阿贝伊奥卢	/Agabeyoglu/
阿阿卡伊	/Agakay/

ldc_propernames_people_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 572,213
Examples:
A'Mer		/阿米尔/奥马尔/
Aach	/阿赫/

The person lists have just two fields on each line. The original data also
has information on the country/region for most of the entries. Since most
of the names with the same spelling are translated with the same sequence
of Chinese characters, we think there is no need to include the information
as an extra field.

Place names
===========

ldc_propernames_place_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 276,382
Examples:
阿巴登塔佩	/abaden tappeh/	Iran
阿巴拉契亚大谷地	/great appalachian v./	USA_Canada


ldc_propernames_place_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 298,993
Examples:
aba bouyyi	/阿巴布伊/	Ethiopia
aba as suud	/艾巴苏欧德/	Saudi Arabia

The place name lists have a third field for a "larger" geographical
body. For example, the Mississippi is in the US, so US would be in the
third field. Since some geographical bodies may extend to several
countries/regions, the third field may have more than one country/region
listed. In such cases, an underscore "_" is used to "link" these
countries/regions together. However, we might want to replace the
underscore with a hyphen as this is used in other lists, or something else
as a couple of country/region names have a hyphen in them.

Organization, industry, and press names
=======================================
ldc_propernames_org_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 30,800
Examples:
阿尔伯塔大学	/university of alberta/	Canada
ＧＴ环球开发基金会	/gt global development fund/	USA

ldc_propernames_org_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 37,145
Examples:
Baroque Chamber Chorus (Beijing)	/北京巴洛克室内合唱团/	China
B1901	/Ｂ１９０１俱乐部足球队/	Denmark

ldc_propernames_industry_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 54,747
Examples:
ＥＭＣ能源公司	/emc energies inc./	USA
３ＣＯＭ公司	/3com corp./	USA

ldc_propernames_industry_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 58,468
Examples:
AT&T China Co., Ltd.	/AT&T中国有限公司/	China-USA
Asia Pacific Bank	/亚太商业银行/	Taiwan

ldc_propernames_press_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 29,757
Examples:
阿比让广播电台	/radio abidjan/	Ivory Coast
阿贝赛－安哥拉日报	/abc-diario de angola/	Angola

ldc_propernames_press_ec_v1.beta.txt
total: 32,922
Examples:
aachener nachrichten	/亚琛新闻/	Germany
Beijing Review	/北京周报/	China

Eventually, we might want to merge all the above lists under the category
of orgnization. The Xinhua source also has a set of organization database
NOT under the proper name section, with detailed information about the
structure for most organiations (such as the name of the chair, its
function, etc.) The list of China's organizations does not have English
translations, but the list of international organizations does. The latter
one was extracted and resulted in the following two lists: 

ldc_orgs_intl_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 7,040

ldc_orgs_intl_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 7,040

As it turns out, there's some overlap between *orgs_intl* and
*propernames_org*. So in the next official release, we may merge the
*orgs_intl* lists into the org lists as well and eliminate duplicates.

"Other" names
=============

These two lists have proper names for various entities, such as weapons,
civilian or military ships and aircrafts, famous novels, awards, holidays,
etc. 

ldc_propernames_other_ce_v1.beta.txt
	total: 13,007
Examples: 
“质子”号火箭	/proton booster rocket/	Russia
《悲惨世界》	/les miserables/	France

ldc_propernames_other_ec_v1.beta.txt
	total: 14,066
Examples: 
F-16 fighter	/Ｆ－１６战斗机/	UNSPECIFIED
SAM-6 anti-aircraft missile	/“萨姆－６”防空导弹/	Russia

Note the third field may be "UNSPECIFIED".

Who-Is-Who Lists
================

ldc_whoswho_china_ce_v1.txt; ldc_whoswho_china_ec_v1.txt
	total: 30,028 each

ldc_whoswho_international_ce_v1.txt; ldc_whoswho_international_ec_v1.txt
	total: 36,881 each

The original who-is-who databases have detailed information about the
individuals. The texts are usually in Chinese (particularly for Chinese
whoswho entities), but some international figures have English texts (but
often not parallel) as well. For this reason, we include source databases
(ldc_whoswho_china_source.txt and ldc_whoswho_international_source.txt). In
the created lists, there's a fourth field, indicating the index whereby one 
can search for the full content in the source.

If you have suggestions or comments, please send them to Shudong Huang at:

shudong@ldc.upenn.edu

===============================================
Copyright Notice:

Portions (c) 2001 Xinhua News Agency, (c) 2002 Trustees of the University
of Pennsylvania