1. Publication title: Chinese Treebank 9.0 (CTB9.0)

2. Authors: 
   Nianwen Xue, Xiuhong Zhang, Zixin Jiang, Martha Palmer, 
   Fei Xia, Fu-Dong Chiou, Meiyu Chang 

   Contact: Nianwen Xue <xuen@brandeis.edu>

3. Data type: text

4. Genres:
   Newswire: [0001-0325, 0400-0454, 0500-0540, 0600-0885, 0900-0931, 4000-4050]
   Magazine articles: [0590-0596, 1001-1151]
   Broadcast news:[2000-3145, 4051-4111]
   Broadcast conversations: [4112-4197]
   Weblogs: [4198-4411]
   Discussion forums: [5000-5558]
   SMS/Chat messages: [6000-6700]
   conversational speech: [7000-7017]   

5. Project: the Chinese Treebank Project (http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~clp/ctb)

6. Applications: natural language processing, syntactic parsing,
information extraction, machine translation, linguistic analysis

7. Language: Chinese

8. Special license: None
  
9. Grant numbers and funding agencies:
   This research was funded by DOD MDA902-97-C-0307, DARPA TIDES
   N66001-00-1-8915, DARPA GALE HR0011-06-0022, and DARPA BOLT HR0011-11-C-0145. 


10. Copyright.
    Portions Copyright 1994-1998, Xinhua News Agency
    Portions Copyright 1997, Department of Information Services, Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region
    Portions Copyright 1996-1998 & 2000-2001, Sinorama Magazine

11. Description of the corpus structure and data attributes:
    There are 3,726 text files in this release, containing 132,076 sentences,
    2,084,387 words, 3,247,331 characters (hanzi or foreign). The data is provided
    in the UTF-8 encoding, and the annotation has Penn Treebank-style
    labeled brackets. Details of the annotation standard can be found in the
    enclosed segmentation, POS-tagging and bracketing guidelines. The data is
    provided in four different formats: raw text, word
    segmented, POS-tagged, and syntactically bracketed formats.

12. Quality control: 
    The data is partially double-annotated and adjudicated. The list of
    double-annotated and adjudicated files are listed in
    'gold-standard-files.txt' and they are the recommended test files for tool
    evaluation (e.g., automatic word segmentation, POS-tagging and parsing).All
    files have been automatically verified and manually checked.  

13. References:  

    Nianwen Xue, Fei Xia, Fu-Dong Chiou, and Martha Palmer. 2005: 
    The Penn Chinese TreeBank: Phrase Structure Annotation of a Large Corpus.
    Natural Language Engineering, 11(2)207-238.

    Xiuhong Zhang and Nianwen Xue. 2012. Extending and Scaling up the Chinese 
    Treebank Annotation. Proceedings of the 2nd CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference 
    on Chinese Language Processing (CLP-2012). Tianjin China.

    Nianwen Xue, Fu-Dong Chiou, and Martha Palmer. 2002. Building a Large-Scale
    Annotated Chinese Corpus. In Proceedings of the 19th. International 
    Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2002), Taipei, Taiwan, 2002.
 
    Fei Xia, Martha Palmer, Nianwen Xue, Mary Ellen Okurowski, John Kovarik,
    Fu-Dong Chiou, Shizhe Huang, Tony Kroch, and Mitch Marcus. 2000. 
    Developing Guidelines and Ensuring Consistency for Chinese Text Annotation,
    In Proceedings of the second International Conference on Language 
    Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2000), Athens, Greece, 2000.