%==========================
\section{User Instructions}
%==========================
\label{app:user}

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\newcommand{\vv}{\vspace{.8em}}
\newcommand{\vh}{\vspace{.4em}}

\hrule\vspace{1em}

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% 1st Page
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\noindent
{\large\bf The TRAINS World}\vh

\noindent
We are interested in building a computer system that can help people
in simple problem solving tasks.  We are collecting some
conversations, using a person to simulate the system, in order to
better understand the task.

\noindent
In this setting, you will playing the role of a manager who makes
plans to manufacture and / or ship goods between cities as shown on
the map on the desk.  In your booth you wil see a clock, which gives
the ``current'' time, just before midnight.  On the desk is a stack of
cars describing tasks that have come in from your boss before you came
into work.

\noindent
The ``system'' will have reasonably up-to-date information about the
state of the world and you can ask it questions at any time. You,
however, have the final say in what actions are to be included in your
plan. The system will keep you informed of the situation when asked,
provide you with information about the time required for
manufacturing, loading, or shipping godds, and it will also try to
help you, whenever possible, by anticipating problems that arise in
your plan.

\noindent
The map shows the layout consisting of several different cities
connected by different rail lines.  Some cities have warehouses for
storage of goods.  In this situation, the goods are either oranges or
bananas.  The rail lines are single track, so two trains cannot be on
the same section of track at the same time.

\noindent
In looking at the map, you will see the following:
\begin{quote}
Engines - labeled E1, E2, and E3\\
Boxcars for shipping - as indicated on the map\\
Tanker cars, at Corning, to be used for shipping OJ\\
Two warehouses - one for oranges at Corning, and one for bananas at Avon\\
An OJ Factory at Elmira - where a boxcar of oranges can be converted
into \\ \hspace*{15em}a tanker of OJ
\end{quote}
%
While it may look complicated, it really is quite simple once you get
started. Remember that the ``system'' is available to help you at any
time. The best way to learn is by trying a sample problem. On the
following page, there is a warmup problem.  Please turn the page now,
and then go on to solve the problem.

\noindent
Have fun!
\newpage

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% 2nd Page
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\noindent
\parbox{2.3in}{\large \bf Warmup Problem:\\ \mbox{}}
\parbox{3.2in}{You need to design a plan for shipping a boxcar of
oranges to Bath by 8 AM today.}
\vh

\noindent
Remember that you may obtain further information and confim facts
about the TRAINS world, including scheduling information, by asking
the system.  Also, you may use the layout map in any way that you wish
to help you plan.  The system does not know what particular problem
you currently need to solve.

\noindent
When you have finished the sample problem, please turn the page for
further instructions. \vh

\noindent
{\large\bf INSTRUCTIONS} \vh \\
%
\hh {\bf To begin the session:} \vh \\ 
\hh {\bf First, we record background information on the tape to identify
it.}  \vh \\
\hh 1) The user first states his or her name, the date and time, sex, and
mother tongue. \vh \\
\hh 2) Then, the system identifies his or her name, sex, and mother
tongue. \vh \\
\hh {\bf There will be a pause, and the co-ordinator will tell you when
to start:} \vh \\
\hh 1) Say ``Ready'' \vh \\
\hh 2) The tape is turned on \vh \\
\hh 3) The system says ``Hello, can I help you'' \vh \\
\hh 4) You may now proceed to solve the problem. \vh \\
\hh 5) When you feel the session is complete, end the dialog by saying ``I
am now finished''

\newpage

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% 3nd Page
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\noindent
{\large\bf ADDITIONAL DIALOGS} \vh

\noindent
On the table in front of you, you will see a set of cards that your
boss left for you.  Each card contains a different sample problem.
Choose one of those cards now, and then go on to solve the problem in
cooperation with the system.  For each problem, ignore the fact that
you have solved other problems previously.  Treat each one as though
it was the first one of the day.  As a consequence, the world is in
the same state (as shown on the map) at the start of each problem
solving session, and the starting time is always just before midnight.

\noindent
As before, use the following protocol for beginning and ending the
dialog. \vh

\noindent
{\bf Wait for the co-ordinator to tell you when to start:} \vh \\
%
\hh 1) Say ``Ready'' \vh \\
\hh 2) The tape is turned on \vh \\
\hh 3) The system says ``Hello, can I help you'' \vh \\
\hh 4) You may now proceed to solve the problem. \vh \\
\hh 5) When you feel the session is complete, end the dialog by saying ``I
am now finished''



