DEFT Chinese and English Light and Rich ERE Parallel Annotation
| Item Name: | DEFT Chinese and English Light and Rich ERE Parallel Annotation |
| Author(s): | Song Chen, Justin Mott, Ann Bies, Stephanie Strassel |
| LDC Catalog No.: | LDC2026T04 |
| ISLRN: | 412-299-386-426-5 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.35111/whmk-xz32 |
| Release Date: | April 15, 2026 |
| Member Year(s): | 2026 |
| DCMI Type(s): | Text |
| Data Source(s): | discussion forum |
| Project(s): | BOLT, DEFT |
| Application(s): | information extraction, machine translation |
| Language(s): | English, Mandarin Chinese |
| Language ID(s): | eng, cmn |
| License(s): |
LDC User Agreement for Non-Members |
| Online Documentation: | LDC2026T04 Documents |
| Licensing Instructions: | Subscription & Standard Members, and Non-Members |
| Citation: | Chen, Song, et al. DEFT Chinese and English Light and Rich ERE Parallel Annotation LDC2026T04. Web Download. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, 2026. |
| Related Works: | View |
Introduction
DEFT Chinese and English Light and Rich ERE Parallel Annotation was developed by the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) and consists of 179 Chinese discussion forum documents and their English translations annotated for entities, relations, and events (ERE).
DARPA's Deep Exploration and Filtering of Text (DEFT) program aimed to address remaining capability gaps in state-of-the-art natural language processing technologies related to inference, causal relationships and anomaly detection. LDC supported the DEFT program by collecting, creating and annotating a variety of data sources.
Light ERE annotation labels mentions for a target set of entity, relation and event types between and among those entities, including coreference. Rich ERE annotation expands types and tagging in the entities, relations and events annotation tasks and replaces strict event coreference with a more loosely defined event hopper annotation. Further information about the annotation methodology is contained in the documentation accompanying this release.
Data
The source data and English translations in this release were drawn from BOLT Chinese Discussion Forum Parallel Training Data (LDC2017T05) which consists of discussion forum text originally collected and translated by LDC under the DARPA BOLT program.
In this publication, 179 Chinese-English document pairs were annotated following Light ERE annotation guidelines; a subset of 171 Chinese-English document pairs were also labeled with Rich ERE annotation.
Below is a data summary:
| Language | ERE | Files | Characters | Words | Entities (mentions) | Fillers | Relations | Event Hoppers (mentions) |
| Chinese | Light | 179 | 135,075 | 90,050 | 5,338 (13,113) | N/A | 1,707 | 415 (508) |
| English | Light | 179 | N/A | 107,493 | 3,789 (12,090) | N/A | 1,289 | 319 (382) |
| Chinese | Rich | 171 | 127,458 | 84,972 | 5,974 (14,102) | 607 | 1,946 | 1,138 (1,491) |
| English | Rich | 171 | N/A | 101,191 | 5,873 (16,055) | 906 | 2,092 | 2,285 (2,933) |
Source documents are presented in plain text format. Annotation files are presented in XML format. All files are UTF-8 Encoded.
Samples
Please view the following samples:
- Chinese Source (TXT)
- Chinese Light ERE (XML)
- Chinese Rich ERE (XML)
- English Source (TXT)
- English Light ERE (XML)
- English Rich ERE (XML)
Updates
No updates at this time.
Sponsorship
This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory and Defense Advance Research Projects Agency under agreement number FA8750-13-2-0045. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. Government.